The Bajau people are distributed over the southern Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia and number over a million people despite not having citizenship.
Due to their houseboat lifestyle and river travel throughout Southeast Asia, they hardly ever set foot on land.
Bajau people frequently spend up to five hours a day underwater, where they have perfect control and only carry a speargun and specially built wooden goggles.
1. They pierce their eardrums.
Some Bajau people have their eardrums punctured to adapt their free diving lifestyle and cope with the extreme water pressure below. If they don’t do this, they will feel sick and start bleeding from their nose and ears. even if this could cause ear loss as they age.
2. They have lengthy spleens.
One difference is that the Bajau people have spleens that are twice the size of their Saluan counterparts.
Despite not being essential for survival, spleens play a role in the immune system and act as blood filters by eliminating damaged red blood cells and recycling iron. What matters most is the spleen’s ability to store blood.
The spleens of an animal that is submerged in water contract, dispersing the reserve of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. A swimmer with a larger spleen has access to more oxygen.
3. They have longer diaphragms.
To sustain submerged life, their diaphragms grow, and the lung and abdominal walls also flex.
4. They are impacted by a genetic mutation.
Additionally, they have a gene mutation. The PDE10A gene and the BDKRB2 gene are absent in the Bajau’s nearest relatives, the Saluans, who do not inhabit marine environments.
5. Their legs receive less blood than their vital organs.
Due to the faulty gene, peripheral vasoconstriction is a typical reaction. The Bajau may be able to successfully tighten non-critical portions of their circulatory system because of their distinct genetic composition.
Simply put, longer dives are possible because less blood is utilized in areas like the legs and more blood is given to vital organs like the heart, lungs, and brain.
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