Stomach ulcers can be painful and, in some cases, can lead to serious complications such as bleeding or a hole in the stomach. Although many people associate ulcers with spicy foods or stress, the most common causes are actually linked to infection, medications, and damage to the stomach’s protective lining. Knowing the possible causes can help you recognize the risks and seek proper treatment when necessary.
1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
infection H. pylori is one of the most common causes of stomach ulcers. This type of bacteria can damage the protective lining of the stomach and allow stomach acid to irritate the tissue underneath, eventually leading to an ulcer. Some people have H. pylori without noticeable symptoms, while others may experience stomach pain, bloating, nausea, or indigestion.
2. Frequent use of certain painkillers
Medicines such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen can increase the risk of stomach ulcers, especially when they are used frequently or at high doses. These medicines can reduce substances that normally help protect the stomach lining from acid. The risk may be higher when these medicines are taken for a long time or combined with certain other medications.
3. Excessive alcohol use
Regular heavy alcohol consumption can irritate and weaken the stomach lining, making it more vulnerable to damage from stomach acid. Alcohol can also worsen existing stomach irritation and may increase the risk of complications in someone who already has an ulcer.
4. Smoking
Smoking can interfere with the stomach’s natural protective mechanisms and may increase the risk of developing ulcers. It can also slow the healing of an existing ulcer and make it more likely to come back after treatment.
5. Other conditions that increase stomach irritation
Some medical conditions and medications can make the stomach lining more vulnerable to damage or increase the risk of ulcers. Severe physical stress from serious illness or injury can also contribute to certain types of ulcers. This is why recurring or severe stomach pain should not simply be assumed to be an ordinary ulcer without proper medical evaluation.